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# Logs
logs
*.log
npm-debug.log*
yarn-debug.log*
yarn-error.log*
pnpm-debug.log*
lerna-debug.log*
node_modules
dist
dist-ssr
*.local
# Editor directories and files
.vscode/*
!.vscode/extensions.json
.idea
.DS_Store
*.suo
*.ntvs*
*.njsproj
*.sln
*.sw?

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# React + TypeScript + Vite
This template provides a minimal setup to get React working in Vite with HMR and some ESLint rules.
Currently, two official plugins are available:
- [@vitejs/plugin-react](https://github.com/vitejs/vite-plugin-react/blob/main/packages/plugin-react) uses [Babel](https://babeljs.io/) for Fast Refresh
- [@vitejs/plugin-react-swc](https://github.com/vitejs/vite-plugin-react/blob/main/packages/plugin-react-swc) uses [SWC](https://swc.rs/) for Fast Refresh
## Expanding the ESLint configuration
If you are developing a production application, we recommend updating the configuration to enable type-aware lint rules:
```js
export default tseslint.config([
globalIgnores(['dist']),
{
files: ['**/*.{ts,tsx}'],
extends: [
// Other configs...
// Remove tseslint.configs.recommended and replace with this
...tseslint.configs.recommendedTypeChecked,
// Alternatively, use this for stricter rules
...tseslint.configs.strictTypeChecked,
// Optionally, add this for stylistic rules
...tseslint.configs.stylisticTypeChecked,
// Other configs...
],
languageOptions: {
parserOptions: {
project: ['./tsconfig.node.json', './tsconfig.app.json'],
tsconfigRootDir: import.meta.dirname,
},
// other options...
},
},
])
```
You can also install [eslint-plugin-react-x](https://github.com/Rel1cx/eslint-react/tree/main/packages/plugins/eslint-plugin-react-x) and [eslint-plugin-react-dom](https://github.com/Rel1cx/eslint-react/tree/main/packages/plugins/eslint-plugin-react-dom) for React-specific lint rules:
```js
// eslint.config.js
import reactX from 'eslint-plugin-react-x'
import reactDom from 'eslint-plugin-react-dom'
export default tseslint.config([
globalIgnores(['dist']),
{
files: ['**/*.{ts,tsx}'],
extends: [
// Other configs...
// Enable lint rules for React
reactX.configs['recommended-typescript'],
// Enable lint rules for React DOM
reactDom.configs.recommended,
],
languageOptions: {
parserOptions: {
project: ['./tsconfig.node.json', './tsconfig.app.json'],
tsconfigRootDir: import.meta.dirname,
},
// other options...
},
},
])
```

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import js from '@eslint/js'
import globals from 'globals'
import reactHooks from 'eslint-plugin-react-hooks'
import reactRefresh from 'eslint-plugin-react-refresh'
import tseslint from 'typescript-eslint'
import { globalIgnores } from 'eslint/config'
export default tseslint.config([
globalIgnores(['dist']),
{
files: ['**/*.{ts,tsx}'],
extends: [
js.configs.recommended,
tseslint.configs.recommended,
reactHooks.configs['recommended-latest'],
reactRefresh.configs.vite,
],
languageOptions: {
ecmaVersion: 2020,
globals: globals.browser,
},
},
])

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<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
<link rel="icon" type="image/svg+xml" href="/vite.svg" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
<title>Vite + React + TS</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="root"></div>
<script type="module" src="/src/main.tsx"></script>
</body>
</html>

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{
"name": "physics",
"private": true,
"version": "0.0.0",
"type": "module",
"scripts": {
"dev": "vite",
"build": "tsc -b && vite build",
"lint": "eslint .",
"preview": "vite preview"
},
"dependencies": {
"@tailwindcss/vite": "^4.1.12",
"react": "^19.1.1",
"react-dom": "^19.1.1",
"tailwindcss": "^4.1.12"
},
"devDependencies": {
"@eslint/js": "^9.33.0",
"@types/react": "^19.1.10",
"@types/react-dom": "^19.1.7",
"@vitejs/plugin-react-swc": "^4.0.0",
"eslint": "^9.33.0",
"eslint-plugin-react-hooks": "^5.2.0",
"eslint-plugin-react-refresh": "^0.4.20",
"globals": "^16.3.0",
"typescript": "~5.8.3",
"typescript-eslint": "^8.39.1",
"vite": "^7.1.2"
},
"packageManager": "pnpm@10.13.1+sha512.37ebf1a5c7a30d5fabe0c5df44ee8da4c965ca0c5af3dbab28c3a1681b70a256218d05c81c9c0dcf767ef6b8551eb5b960042b9ed4300c59242336377e01cfad"
}

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onlyBuiltDependencies:
- '@swc/core'
- '@tailwindcss/oxide'
- esbuild

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import './App.css'
import Pendulum from './pendulum/mod'
import Tabs, { Tab, TabPanel } from './components/Tabs'
function App() {
return (
<main className='container mx-auto p-4'>
<h1 className='text-2xl font-bold text-center mb-4'>
Welcome to the Physics App
</h1>
<div className="border rounded-lg p-3">
<Tabs defaultActive="pendulum">
<div className="flex gap-2 mb-3" role="tablist">
<Tab id="pendulum">Pendulum</Tab>
<Tab id="placeholder">Other Example</Tab>
</div>
<TabPanel id="pendulum">
<div className="h-96">
<Pendulum />
</div>
</TabPanel>
<TabPanel id="placeholder">
<div className="p-4">
<h2 className="text-lg font-semibold">Another Example</h2>
<p className="text-sm text-gray-600">Replace this with your new example component.</p>
</div>
</TabPanel>
</Tabs>
</div>
</main>
)
}
export default App

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import { createContext, useContext, useEffect, useRef, useState } from "react";
import type { ReactNode, KeyboardEvent } from "react";
type TabsContextType = {
activeId: string | null;
setActiveId: (id: string) => void;
registerTab: (id: string) => void;
tabs: string[];
};
const TabsContext = createContext<TabsContextType | null>(null);
export default function Tabs({
children,
defaultActive,
}: {
children: ReactNode;
defaultActive?: string;
}) {
const [activeId, setActiveId] = useState<string | null>(defaultActive ?? null);
const tabsRef = useRef<string[]>([]);
const registerTab = (id: string) => {
if (!tabsRef.current.includes(id)) {
tabsRef.current.push(id);
// if no active tab yet, pick the first registered one
if (!activeId) setActiveId(id);
}
};
useEffect(() => {
// if a defaultActive is provided and tabs register after mount,
// ensure it's respected
if (defaultActive) setActiveId(defaultActive);
}, [defaultActive]);
return (
<TabsContext.Provider
value={{ activeId, setActiveId: (id: string) => setActiveId(id), registerTab, tabs: tabsRef.current }}
>
{children}
</TabsContext.Provider>
);
}
export function Tab({ id, children }: { id: string; children: ReactNode }) {
const ctx = useContext(TabsContext);
if (!ctx) throw new Error("Tab must be used inside Tabs");
const { activeId, setActiveId, registerTab, tabs } = ctx;
const ref = useRef<HTMLButtonElement | null>(null);
useEffect(() => registerTab(id), [id, registerTab]);
const handleKey = (e: KeyboardEvent) => {
if (!tabs || tabs.length === 0) return;
const idx = tabs.indexOf(id);
if (idx === -1) return;
if (e.key === "ArrowRight") {
const next = tabs[(idx + 1) % tabs.length];
setActiveId(next);
// focus next button (if present)
// slight delay to ensure it's mounted
setTimeout(() => {
const btn = document.querySelector<HTMLButtonElement>(`button[data-tab-id="${next}"]`);
btn?.focus();
}, 0);
e.preventDefault();
} else if (e.key === "ArrowLeft") {
const prev = tabs[(idx - 1 + tabs.length) % tabs.length];
setActiveId(prev);
setTimeout(() => {
const btn = document.querySelector<HTMLButtonElement>(`button[data-tab-id="${prev}"]`);
btn?.focus();
}, 0);
e.preventDefault();
}
};
const selected = activeId === id;
return (
<button
ref={ref}
data-tab-id={id}
role="tab"
aria-selected={selected}
onClick={() => setActiveId(id)}
onKeyDown={handleKey}
className={
"px-3 py-1 rounded-md focus:outline-none " +
(selected ? "bg-gray-200 dark:bg-gray-700 font-semibold" : "hover:bg-gray-100 dark:hover:bg-gray-800")
}
>
{children}
</button>
);
}
export function TabPanel({ id, children }: { id: string; children: ReactNode }) {
const ctx = useContext(TabsContext);
if (!ctx) throw new Error("TabPanel must be used inside Tabs");
const { activeId } = ctx;
if (activeId !== id) return null;
return (
<div role="tabpanel" aria-hidden={activeId !== id} className="w-full">
{children}
</div>
);
}

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@import "tailwindcss";
:root {
font-family: system-ui, Avenir, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
line-height: 1.5;
font-weight: 400;
color-scheme: light dark;
font-synthesis: none;
text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
-moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
}

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import { StrictMode } from 'react'
import { createRoot } from 'react-dom/client'
import './index.css'
import App from './App.tsx'
createRoot(document.getElementById('root')!).render(
<StrictMode>
<App />
</StrictMode>,
)

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import { useEffect, useRef, useState } from "react";
// x, y 2D point
type Point = [number, number];
type BallState = {
pos: Point;
prevPos: Point; // 이전 위치
mass: number;
prevDt: number; // 이전 프레임의 dt
isFixed?: boolean;
}
type ConstraintState = {
p1Idx: number; // index of first ball
p2Idx: number; // index of second ball
restLength: number; // rest length of the constraint
stiffness: number; // stiffness of the constraint (0 to 1)
}
type WorldState = {
balls: BallState[];
constraints: ConstraintState[];
ballDrawers: BallDrawer[];
}
const SCENE_GRAVITY: Point = [0, 9.81 * 100]; // gravitational acceleration
function updateUnconstrainedBall(ball: BallState, dt: number = 0.016) {
if (ball.isFixed) return;
// Verlet integration with variable dt
const acc: Point = [SCENE_GRAVITY[0], SCENE_GRAVITY[1]];
const nextPos: Point = [
ball.pos[0] + (ball.pos[0] - ball.prevPos[0]) * (dt / ball.prevDt) + acc[0]
* (dt + ball.prevDt) / 2
* dt,
ball.pos[1] + (ball.pos[1] - ball.prevPos[1]) * (dt / ball.prevDt) + acc[1]
* (dt + ball.prevDt) / 2
* dt,
];
ball.prevPos = [...ball.pos];
ball.pos = nextPos;
ball.prevDt = dt;
}
class BallDrawer {
radius: number;
previousPositions: Point[] = []; // 이동 경로 저장
maxPositions: number;
constructor({ radius = 10, maxPositions = 60 }: { radius?: number; maxPositions?: number } = {}) {
this.maxPositions = maxPositions;
this.radius = radius;
}
draw(ctx: CanvasRenderingContext2D, ball: BallState) {
// 이동 경로 저장
this.previousPositions.push([ball.pos[0], ball.pos[1]]);
if (this.previousPositions.length > this.maxPositions) { // 최대 maxPositions개만 저장
this.previousPositions.shift();
}
// 이동 경로 그리기 (알파값 점점 낮추기)
ctx.save();
if (this.previousPositions.length > 1) {
ctx.lineWidth = 2;
for (let i = 1; i < this.previousPositions.length; i++) {
const alpha = (i / this.previousPositions.length); // 오래된 점일수록 더 투명
ctx.strokeStyle = `rgba(0,0,255,${alpha * 0.5})`;
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.moveTo(this.previousPositions[i - 1][0], this.previousPositions[i - 1][1]);
ctx.lineTo(this.previousPositions[i][0], this.previousPositions[i][1]);
ctx.stroke();
}
}
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.arc(ball.pos[0], ball.pos[1], this.radius, 0, Math.PI * 2);
ctx.fillStyle = "blue";
ctx.fill();
ctx.restore();
}
}
function satisfyConstraint(ball1: BallState, ball2: BallState, constraint: ConstraintState) {
const dx = ball2.pos[0] - ball1.pos[0];
const dy = ball2.pos[1] - ball1.pos[1];
const length = Math.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy);
if (length == 0) return; // avoid division by zero
const diff = length - constraint.restLength;
const invMass1 = 1 / ball1.mass;
const invMass2 = 1 / ball2.mass;
const sumInvMass = invMass1 + invMass2;
if (sumInvMass == 0) return; // both infinite mass. we can't move them
const p1Prop = invMass1 / sumInvMass;
const p2Prop = invMass2 / sumInvMass;
// positional correction
const correction = diff * constraint.stiffness / length;
ball1.pos[0] += dx * correction * p1Prop;
ball1.pos[1] += dy * correction * p1Prop;
ball2.pos[0] -= dx * correction * p2Prop;
ball2.pos[1] -= dy * correction * p2Prop;
}
function drawConstraint(ctx: CanvasRenderingContext2D, ball1: BallState, ball2: BallState) {
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.moveTo(ball1.pos[0], ball1.pos[1]);
ctx.lineTo(ball2.pos[0], ball2.pos[1]);
ctx.strokeStyle = "black";
ctx.lineWidth = 2;
ctx.stroke();
}
function updateWorld(world: WorldState, dt: number = 0.016, constraintIterations: number = 50) {
// unconstrained motion
for (const ball of world.balls) {
updateUnconstrainedBall(ball, dt);
}
// constraints
for (let i = 0; i < constraintIterations; i++) {
for (const constraint of world.constraints) {
const b1 = world.balls[constraint.p1Idx];
const b2 = world.balls[constraint.p2Idx];
satisfyConstraint(b1, b2, constraint);
}
}
}
function drawWorld(ctx: CanvasRenderingContext2D, world: WorldState,) {
// draw constraints
for (const constraint of world.constraints) {
const b1 = world.balls[constraint.p1Idx];
const b2 = world.balls[constraint.p2Idx];
drawConstraint(ctx, b1, b2);
}
// draw balls
for (let i = 0; i < world.balls.length; i++) {
const ball = world.balls[i];
const drawer = world.ballDrawers[i];
drawer.draw(ctx, ball);
}
}
function getDefaultMyWorld() {
const balls: BallState[] = [
{ pos: [200, 50], prevPos: [200, 50], mass: Infinity, prevDt: 0.016, isFixed: true },
{ pos: [300, 50], prevPos: [300, 50], mass: 1, prevDt: 0.016 },
{ pos: [300, 0], prevPos: [300, 0], mass: 1, prevDt: 0.016 },
];
const constraints: ConstraintState[] = [
{ p1Idx: 0, p2Idx: 1, restLength: 100, stiffness: 1 },
{ p1Idx: 1, p2Idx: 2, restLength: 50, stiffness: 1},
];
const ballDrawers = [
new BallDrawer({ radius: 10 }),
new BallDrawer({ radius: 10 }),
new BallDrawer({ radius: 10 }),
];
return { balls, constraints, ballDrawers };
}
export default function Pendulum() {
const canvasRef = useRef<HTMLCanvasElement>(null);
const [subStep, setSubStep] = useState(10); // number of sub-steps per frame
const [constraintIterations, setConstraintIterations] = useState(1); // number of constraint iterations per sub-step
// refs to hold pendulum instances and animation state so we can reset from UI
const worldRef = useRef<WorldState | null>(null);
const rafRef = useRef<number | null>(null);
const prevTimeRef = useRef<number>(0);
useEffect(() => {
const canvas = canvasRef.current;
if (!canvas) return;
const ctx = canvas.getContext("2d");
if (!ctx) return;
const dpr = window.devicePixelRatio || 1;
const resize = () => {
const w = canvas.clientWidth || 600;
const h = canvas.clientHeight || 400;
canvas.width = Math.max(1, Math.round(w * dpr));
canvas.height = Math.max(1, Math.round(h * dpr));
// scale drawing so 1 unit == 1 CSS pixel
ctx.setTransform(dpr, 0, 0, dpr, 0, 0);
};
resize();
window.addEventListener("resize", resize);
if (!worldRef.current) {
// create a simple pendulum world
worldRef.current = getDefaultMyWorld();
}
prevTimeRef.current = performance.now();
const animate = (time: number) => {
const deltaTime = time - prevTimeRef.current;
prevTimeRef.current = time;
const dt = Math.min(0.1, deltaTime / 1000) / subStep; // cap deltaTime to avoid large jumps
for (let i = 0; i < subStep; i++) {
updateWorld(worldRef.current!, dt, constraintIterations);
}
ctx.clearRect(0, 0, ctx.canvas.width, ctx.canvas.height);
drawWorld(ctx, worldRef.current!);
rafRef.current = requestAnimationFrame(animate);
};
rafRef.current = requestAnimationFrame(animate);
return () => {
window.removeEventListener("resize", resize);
if (rafRef.current) cancelAnimationFrame(rafRef.current);
};
}, [constraintIterations, subStep]);
// reset handler to re-create pendulums and avoid large dt on next frame
const reset = () => {
worldRef.current = getDefaultMyWorld();
prevTimeRef.current = performance.now();
};
return (
<div className="w-full h-full flex flex-col">
<div className="p-2">
<button
onClick={reset}
className="px-3 py-1.5 rounded border border-gray-300 bg-white text-sm hover:bg-gray-50 focus:outline-none"
>
</button>
<label className="ml-4 text-sm">
:
<input
type="number"
value={subStep}
onChange={(e) => setSubStep(Math.max(1, Math.min(100, Number(e.target.value))))}
className="ml-2 w-16 px-2 py-1 border border-gray-300 rounded focus:outline-none"
/>
</label>
<label className="ml-4 text-sm">
:
<input
type="number"
value={constraintIterations}
onChange={(e) => setConstraintIterations(Math.max(1, Math.min(200, Number(e.target.value))))}
className="ml-2 w-16 px-2 py-1 border border-gray-300 rounded focus:outline-none"
/>
</label>
</div>
<div className="flex-1 min-h-0">
<canvas
ref={canvasRef}
className="w-full h-full"
/>
</div>
</div>
);
}

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/// <reference types="vite/client" />

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tsconfig.app.json Normal file
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{
"compilerOptions": {
"tsBuildInfoFile": "./node_modules/.tmp/tsconfig.app.tsbuildinfo",
"target": "ES2022",
"useDefineForClassFields": true,
"lib": ["ES2022", "DOM", "DOM.Iterable"],
"module": "ESNext",
"skipLibCheck": true,
/* Bundler mode */
"moduleResolution": "bundler",
"allowImportingTsExtensions": true,
"verbatimModuleSyntax": true,
"moduleDetection": "force",
"noEmit": true,
"jsx": "react-jsx",
/* Linting */
"strict": true,
"noUnusedLocals": true,
"noUnusedParameters": true,
"erasableSyntaxOnly": true,
"noFallthroughCasesInSwitch": true,
"noUncheckedSideEffectImports": true
},
"include": ["src"]
}

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tsconfig.json Normal file
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{
"files": [],
"references": [
{ "path": "./tsconfig.app.json" },
{ "path": "./tsconfig.node.json" }
]
}

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{
"compilerOptions": {
"tsBuildInfoFile": "./node_modules/.tmp/tsconfig.node.tsbuildinfo",
"target": "ES2023",
"lib": ["ES2023"],
"module": "ESNext",
"skipLibCheck": true,
/* Bundler mode */
"moduleResolution": "bundler",
"allowImportingTsExtensions": true,
"verbatimModuleSyntax": true,
"moduleDetection": "force",
"noEmit": true,
/* Linting */
"strict": true,
"noUnusedLocals": true,
"noUnusedParameters": true,
"erasableSyntaxOnly": true,
"noFallthroughCasesInSwitch": true,
"noUncheckedSideEffectImports": true
},
"include": ["vite.config.ts"]
}

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import { defineConfig } from 'vite'
import react from '@vitejs/plugin-react-swc'
import tailwindcss from '@tailwindcss/vite'
// https://vite.dev/config/
export default defineConfig({
plugins: [ tailwindcss(), react()],
})